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Helminthoida
Classification
Phylum:
Trace Fossils and Problematica
Class:
Trace Fossils
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Helminthoida SCHAFHAUTL, 1851, p. 142
Type Species:
Helminthoida labyrinthica HEER, 1865, p. 246; SD HJiNTzsCHEL, 1962, p. W200]
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 44,1a,b. H. sp.; 1a, schem. drawing; 1b, Tert., Toscana, Italy; X0.75 (Seilacher, 1967a,c). -- Fig. 44,1c. *H. labyrinthica, U. Cret., Aus.; X1 (Hantzschel, 1955). [See also Fig. 55,1b,c.]
Synonyms
Elminthoida, Helminthoidea, Helminthoides, Helmintoidea
Geographic Distribution
Eu.-N.Am.(Alaska)S.Am.(Chile-Venez.-Trinidad)-Asia (Japan)-?N.Z.
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Cret.
Beginning International Stage:
Berriasian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
143.1
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Tert.
Ending International Stage:
Gelasian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
1.81
Description
Meandering tunnel trails; meanders numerous, very regular, parallel and closely spaced, but may be irregular, not always parallel, and not closely spaced; about 1 to 3 mm. wide, max. width of meanders about 1 cm., and length 10 em.; regular meanders (particularly H. crassa) are type of the "guided meanders" (RICHTER, 1924, p. 153); species of this " genus" exhibit much variability, thus KSI4ZKIEWICZ (1970, p. 296) introduced two " groups" and some " formae" (e.g., H. labyrintMea forma lata). [Former interpretations: plants (algae), worms, feeding traces of gastropods, strings of spawn (RECH-FROLLO, 1962); now regarded as internal grazing trails of wormlike animals. For behavioral analysis, see RICHTER (1928) and SEILACHER (1967a,c); meanders are probably effected by stimuli (homostrophy, thigmotaxis, phobotaxis); SEILACHER (1967c, p. 76) described areas of disturbance created by churning of sediment along sides of tunnels.] [Found in flysch deposits.]
References
Museum or Author Information
Classification
Phylum:
Trace Fossils and Problematica
Class:
Trace Fossils
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Helminthoida SCHAFHAUTL, 1851, p. 142
Type Species:
Helminthoida labyrinthica HEER, 1865, p. 246; SD HJiNTzsCHEL, 1962, p. W200]
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 44,1a,b. H. sp.; 1a, schem. drawing; 1b, Tert., Toscana, Italy; X0.75 (Seilacher, 1967a,c). -- Fig. 44,1c. *H. labyrinthica, U. Cret., Aus.; X1 (Hantzschel, 1955). [See also Fig. 55,1b,c.]
Synonyms
Elminthoida, Helminthoidea, Helminthoides, Helmintoidea
Geographic Distribution
Eu.-N.Am.(Alaska)S.Am.(Chile-Venez.-Trinidad)-Asia (Japan)-?N.Z.
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Cret.
Beginning International Stage:
Berriasian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
143.1
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Tert.
Ending International Stage:
Gelasian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
1.81
Description
Meandering tunnel trails; meanders numerous, very regular, parallel and closely spaced, but may be irregular, not always parallel, and not closely spaced; about 1 to 3 mm. wide, max. width of meanders about 1 cm., and length 10 em.; regular meanders (particularly H. crassa) are type of the "guided meanders" (RICHTER, 1924, p. 153); species of this " genus" exhibit much variability, thus KSI4ZKIEWICZ (1970, p. 296) introduced two " groups" and some " formae" (e.g., H. labyrintMea forma lata). [Former interpretations: plants (algae), worms, feeding traces of gastropods, strings of spawn (RECH-FROLLO, 1962); now regarded as internal grazing trails of wormlike animals. For behavioral analysis, see RICHTER (1928) and SEILACHER (1967a,c); meanders are probably effected by stimuli (homostrophy, thigmotaxis, phobotaxis); SEILACHER (1967c, p. 76) described areas of disturbance created by churning of sediment along sides of tunnels.] [Found in flysch deposits.]